<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-01584024</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-23T16:27:25+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Modification of the spontaneous seat-to-stand transition in cycling with bodyweight and cadence variations</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Bruno</forename>
                <surname>Watier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">916c02add881a57c5bd9c7c747470ce1</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-tlse3.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">bruno-watier</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">15037</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">30554-15037</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/143817825</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3146-2884</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-388790"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Antony</forename>
                <forename type="middle">A</forename>
                <surname>Costes</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1220647-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-217752"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Nicolas</forename>
                <forename type="middle">A</forename>
                <surname>Turpin</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">4eae1566da6ba9d45452261995edf55e</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-reunion.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">nicolas-a-turpin</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1015987</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1220648-1015987</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7046-110X</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/161172946</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-300316"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-234200"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Bruno</forename>
                <surname>Watier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">5fcbadb5f8b0f3368e09ac943cc29567</email>
              <email type="domain">utoulouse.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2017-09-08 11:21:33</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-10-22 18:04:08</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2017-09-08 13:40:10</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2017-10</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2018-03-08</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://laas.hal.science/hal-01584024v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2018-03-08"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://laas.hal.science/hal-01584024v1/file/Revised%20manuscript%20-Modification%20of%20the%20spontaneous%20seat-to-stand%20transition%20in%20cycling%20with%20bodyweight%20and%20cadence%20variations%20-%20HAL.pdf" id="file-1584024-1636542">
                <date notBefore="2018-03-08"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://hal.laas.fr/hal-01584024/file/Revised%20manuscript%20-Modification%20of%20the%20spontaneous%20seat-to-stand%20transition%20in%20cycling%20with%20bodyweight%20and%20cadence%20variations%20-%20HAL.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="1693431">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Bruno</forename>
                  <surname>Watier</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">5fcbadb5f8b0f3368e09ac943cc29567</email>
                <email type="domain">utoulouse.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-01584024</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://laas.hal.science/hal-01584024</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">watier:hal-01584024</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Journal of Biomechanics&lt;/i&gt;, 2017, 63, pp.61-66. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.003"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.003&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Journal of Biomechanics, 2017, 63, pp.61-66. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.003&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-1584024-1636542"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE2">Université Toulouse 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE3">Université de Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSA-TOULOUSE">Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS">Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS-GEPETTO" corresp="LAAS-ROBOTIQUE">Équipe Mouvement des Systèmes Anthropomorphes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT1-CAPITOLE">Université Toulouse 1 Capitole</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS-ROBOTIQUE" corresp="LAAS">LAAS-Robotique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSA-GROUPE">Groupe INSA</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TOULOUSE-INP">Toulouse - INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-UT3">Université Toulouse 3</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-INP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-TOULOUSEINP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST3-HALCNRS">TEST3-HALCNRS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST7-HALCNRS">test 7 du portail hal cnrs</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Modification of the spontaneous seat-to-stand transition in cycling with bodyweight and cadence variations</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Bruno</forename>
                    <surname>Watier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">916c02add881a57c5bd9c7c747470ce1</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-tlse3.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">bruno-watier</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">15037</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">30554-15037</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/143817825</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3146-2884</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-388790"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Antony</forename>
                    <forename type="middle">A</forename>
                    <surname>Costes</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1220647-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-217752"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Nicolas</forename>
                    <forename type="middle">A</forename>
                    <surname>Turpin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">4eae1566da6ba9d45452261995edf55e</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-reunion.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">nicolas-a-turpin</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1015987</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1220648-1015987</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7046-110X</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/161172946</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-300316"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-234200"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="localRef">Rapport LAAS n° 17313</idno>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">15138</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0021-9290</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1873-2380</idno>
                <title level="j">Journal of Biomechanics</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">63</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">pp.61-66</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2017-10</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.003</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">saddle force</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">cost-function</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">optimization</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">performance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">pedaling</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">transition</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.meca.biom">Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>When a high power output is required in cycling, a spontaneous transition by the cyclist from a seated to a standing position generally occurs. In this study, by varying the cadence and cyclist bodyweight, we tested whether the transition is better explained by the greater power economy of a standing position or by the emergence of mechanical constraints that force cyclists to stand. Ten males participated in five experimental sessions corresponding to different bodyweights (80%, 100%, or 120%) and cadences (50 RPM, 70 RPM, or 90 RPM). In each session, we first determined the seat-to-stand transition power (SSTP) in an incremental test. The participants then cycled at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, or 120% of the SSTP in the seated and standing positions, for which we recorded the saddle forces and electromyogram (EMG) signals of eight lower limb muscles. We estimated the cycling cost using an EMG cost function (ECF) and the minimal saddle forces in the seated position as an indicator of the mechanical constraints.Our results show the SSTP to vary with respect to both cadence and bodyweight. The ECF was lower in the standing position above the SSTP value (i.e., at 120%) in all experimental sessions. The minimal saddle forces varied significantly with respect to both cadence and bodyweight.These results suggest that optimization of the muscular cost function, rather than mechanical constraints, explain the seat-to-stand transition in cycling.</p>
            </abstract>
            <particDesc>
              <org type="consortium">Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Montreal, QC, Canada</org>
            </particDesc>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-388790" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Équipe Mouvement des Systèmes Anthropomorphes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LAAS-GEPETTO</orgName>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.laas.fr/public/fr/gepetto</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-459" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-81148" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116255" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116256" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-217752" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UPR8001" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-448187" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404672</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121617331</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02v6kpv12</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q1273188</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT3</orgName>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-234200" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Centre de recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitain</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CRIR</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>6363, chemin Hudson (Pavillon Lindsay) bureau 061Montréal (Québec) H3S 1M9</addrLine>
              <country key="CA"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.crir.ca</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-360045" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-459" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">199278792</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2188 216X </idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199517454Y</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03vcm6439</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LAAS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1968-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>7 Av du colonel Roche 31077 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.laas.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-81148" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116255" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116256" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UPR8001" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-448187" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-81148" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404354</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121902837</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0443n9e75</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse Capitole</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT Capitole</orgName>
          <date type="start">1970-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>2 rue du Doyen-Gabriel-Marty - 31042 Toulouse Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ut-capitole.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-443875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017tgbk05</idno>
          <orgName>Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Comue de Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>41 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-116255" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388766</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2286 8343</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01h8pf755</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q858979</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSA Toulouse</orgName>
          <date type="start">1963-10-21</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>135, avenue de Rangueil - 31077 Toulouse cedex 4</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.insa-toulouse.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-301232" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">162105150</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-116256" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403994</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04ezk3x31</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT2J</orgName>
          <date type="start">1971-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>5 allées Antonio Machado - 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse2.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-448187" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388820</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121766169</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/033p9g875</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Toulouse INP</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.inp-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-360045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02801457X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/002rjbv21</idno>
          <orgName>Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UQAM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université du Québec à Montréal CP 8888, succursale Centre-ville Montréal (Québec) H3C 3P8</addrLine>
              <country key="CA"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.uqam.ca/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>