<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04686077</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-16T14:33:39+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">MEAL-TAKING ACTIVITY MONITORING IN THE ELDERLY BASED ON SENSOR DATA: COMPARISON OF UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION METHODS</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Abderrahim</forename>
                <surname>Derouiche</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">6484817e030a48d4741c211b546761b8</email>
              <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1257079</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2818718-1257079</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1415-2837</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-458105"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-217752"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Damien</forename>
                <surname>Brulin</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">f7db0676f66200e45b9a3a280889dfc1</email>
              <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">damien-brulin</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">176466</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">16121-176466</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-4430</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/153606800</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-458105"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-116256"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Eric</forename>
                <surname>Campo</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">f42eec6a27b21a2dc59752f593d0c2fe</email>
              <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">eric-campo</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">10760</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">45305-10760</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-8498</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/095254250</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-458105"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-116256"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Antoine</forename>
                <surname>Piau</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">795524-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-266706"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Abderrahim</forename>
                <surname>Derouiche</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">bb505d35f2a0aa20d64e9c9148a8f1bd</email>
              <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2024-09-03 20:42:05</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-10-22 18:04:09</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2024-09-04 11:02:10</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2024-07-13</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2024-09-03</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://laas.hal.science/hal-04686077v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2024-09-03"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://laas.hal.science/hal-04686077v1/file/e-health_final.pdf" id="file-4686077-4074179">
                <date notBefore="2024-09-03"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="1416669">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Abderrahim</forename>
                  <surname>Derouiche</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">bb505d35f2a0aa20d64e9c9148a8f1bd</email>
                <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04686077</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://laas.hal.science/hal-04686077</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">derouiche:hal-04686077</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;18th International Conference on e-Health&lt;/i&gt;, IADIS – International Association for the Development of the Information Society, Jul 2024, BUDAPEST, Hungary</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">18th International Conference on e-Health, IADIS – International Association for the Development of the Information Society, Jul 2024, BUDAPEST, Hungary</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-4686077-4074179"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE2">Université Toulouse 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE3">Université de Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSA-TOULOUSE">Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS">Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT1-CAPITOLE">Université Toulouse 1 Capitole</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS-GESTION-DE-L-ENERGIE" corresp="LAAS">LAAS-Gestion de l'énergie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS-NANOMATERIAUX">Nanomatériaux, nanofluidique et instrumentation distribuée pour la surveillance</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS-4M" corresp="LAAS-NANOMATERIAUX">Équipe Instrumentation embarquée et systèmes de surveillance intelligents</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS-S4M" corresp="LAAS-GESTION-DE-L-ENERGIE">Équipe Instrumentation embarquée et systèmes de surveillance intelligents</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LAAS-SYSTEMES-COMPLEXES" corresp="LAAS">Technologie et Instrumentation pour le monitoring de systèmes complexes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSA-GROUPE">Groupe INSA</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IUT-BLAGNAC" corresp="UNIV-TLSE2">IUT Blagnac</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TOULOUSE-INP">Toulouse - INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-UT3">Université Toulouse 3</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-INP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-TOULOUSEINP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST7-HALCNRS">test 7 du portail hal cnrs</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="invited" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
            <note type="proceedings" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">MEAL-TAKING ACTIVITY MONITORING IN THE ELDERLY BASED ON SENSOR DATA: COMPARISON OF UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION METHODS</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Abderrahim</forename>
                    <surname>Derouiche</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">6484817e030a48d4741c211b546761b8</email>
                  <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1257079</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2818718-1257079</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1415-2837</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-458105"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-217752"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Damien</forename>
                    <surname>Brulin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">f7db0676f66200e45b9a3a280889dfc1</email>
                  <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">damien-brulin</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">176466</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">16121-176466</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-4430</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/153606800</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-458105"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-116256"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Eric</forename>
                    <surname>Campo</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">f42eec6a27b21a2dc59752f593d0c2fe</email>
                  <email type="domain">laas.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">eric-campo</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">10760</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">45305-10760</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-8498</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/095254250</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-458105"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-116256"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Antoine</forename>
                    <surname>Piau</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">795524-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-266706"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="localRef">Rapport LAAS n° 24234</idno>
                <meeting>
                  <title>18th International Conference on e-Health</title>
                  <date type="start">2024-07-13</date>
                  <date type="end">2024-07-15</date>
                  <settlement>BUDAPEST</settlement>
                  <country key="HU">Hungary</country>
                </meeting>
                <respStmt>
                  <resp>conferenceOrganizer</resp>
                  <name>IADIS – International Association for the Development of the Information Society</name>
                </respStmt>
                <imprint>
                  <date type="datePub">2024-07-13</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Clustering Meal-Taking Activity Elderly Health Data Davies Bouldin Index</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Clustering</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Meal-Taking Activity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Elderly</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Health Data</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Davies Bouldin Index</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="stat.ml">Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.aen">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In an era marked by a demographic change towards an older population, there is an urgent need to improve nutritionalmonitoring in view of the increase in frailty. This research aims to enhance the identification of meal-taking activities bycombining K-Means, GMM, and DBSCAN techniques. Using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) for the optimal mealtaking activity clustering, the results show that K-Means seems to be the best solution, thanks to its unrivalled efficiencyin data demarcation, compared with the capabilities of GMM and DBSCAN. Although capable of identifying complexpatterns and outliers, the latter methods are limited by their operational complexities and dependence on preciseparameter configurations. In this paper, we have processed data from 4 houses equipped with sensors. The findingsindicate that applying the K-Means method results in high performance, evidenced by a particularly low Davies-BouldinIndex (DBI), illustrating optimal cluster separation and cohesion. Calculating the average duration of each activity usingthe GMM algorithm allows distinguishing various categories of meal-taking activities. Alternatively, this can correspondto different times of the day fitting to each meal-taking activity. Using K-Means, GMM, and DBSCAN clusteringalgorithms, the study demonstrates an effective strategy for thoroughly understanding the data. This approach facilitatesthe comparison and selection of the most suitable method for optimal meal-taking activity clustering.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-458105" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Équipe Instrumentation embarquée et systèmes de surveillance intelligents</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LAAS-S4M</orgName>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.laas.fr/public/fr/s4m</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-459" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-81148" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116255" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116256" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-217752" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UPR8001" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-448187" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404672</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121617331</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02v6kpv12</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q1273188</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT3</orgName>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-116256" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403994</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04ezk3x31</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT2J</orgName>
          <date type="start">1971-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>5 allées Antonio Machado - 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse2.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-266706" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Pôle Gériatrie [CHU Toulouse]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300075" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-459" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">199278792</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2188 216X </idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199517454Y</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03vcm6439</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LAAS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1968-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>7 Av du colonel Roche 31077 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.laas.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-81148" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116255" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116256" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UPR8001" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-448187" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-81148" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404354</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121902837</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0443n9e75</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse Capitole</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT Capitole</orgName>
          <date type="start">1970-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>2 rue du Doyen-Gabriel-Marty - 31042 Toulouse Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ut-capitole.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-443875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017tgbk05</idno>
          <orgName>Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Comue de Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>41 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-116255" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388766</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2286 8343</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01h8pf755</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q858979</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSA Toulouse</orgName>
          <date type="start">1963-10-21</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>135, avenue de Rangueil - 31077 Toulouse cedex 4</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.insa-toulouse.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301232" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-301232" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">162105150</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-448187" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388820</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121766169</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/033p9g875</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Toulouse INP</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.inp-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300075" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CHU Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>regroupe les hôpitaux  Purpan, Rangueil, Pierre-Paul Riquet, Larey, Paule de Viguier, Hôtel Dieu Saint-Jacques, La Grave, etc.</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.chu-toulouse.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>