HESS Management for Virtual Inertia, Frequency, and Voltage Support Through Off-Board EV Bidirectional Chargers
Gestion d'un système de stockage hybride pour le support de fréquence, tension et inertie virtuelle, implémenté sur de chargeurs non embarqués de la voiture électrique
Résumé
The massive integration of renewable energies into the grid using fast-response converters without inertia generates issues such as inertia reduction, temporary voltage violations, and power quality reduction. The system inertia reduction is a critical problem that could lead to grid frequency exceeding the acceptable range, resulting in undesirable load-shedding or even large-scale blackouts. To overcome these issues, the use of electric vehicle bidirectional chargers (EVBCs) implementing functionalities such as distributed virtual inertia (VI), long-term frequency support, voltage support by reactive power, and harmonics compensation, has been proposed as a possible solution. This article proposes a novel control strategy to manage a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of dc-link capacitors and battery, through an isolated two-stage ac-dc converter (composed of a dual active bridge resonant type dc-dc converter cascaded to a voltage source inverter), intended for off-board EVBCs. The HESS management allows decoupling of the active power dynamic response since dc-link capacitors supply the fast dynamic response for VI support whereas the battery supplies the slower dynamic response for long-term frequency support, respectively. Hence, the VI support does not affect the battery lifetime. Simulations and experimental results are presented for a 2.5 kW prototype to validate VI, frequency-voltage support along with harmonics compensation.
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